O-044 The future of contraception
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract In 1960, the first hormonal contraceptive agent, Enovid approved by Food and Drug Administration in United States. The pill contained mestranol 150 mcg norethynodrel 10 mg. High dose pills containing >50 of estrogen were discontinued 1988 due to a higher risk myocardial infraction stroke secondary thrombosis. Until recently, only estrogens used combination OCPs ethinyl estradiol (EE). Estetrol (E4) 17-beta have been added newer intravaginal ring (IVR) formulations order reduce Progestins confer primary effect agents can be without estrogens. First generation progestins include norethynodrel, ethynodiol diacetate, norethindrone acetate (estranes). Second norgestrel levonorgestrel (gonanes). Third gestoden, desogrestrel norgestimate, which are less androgen versions second progestins. Fourth no androgenicity drospirenone. fourth progestin is 17 carbon compound separates it from other that primarily 19 derivatives androgens. Segesterone (SA) potent has androgenic properties. SA, combined with EE, currently being an IVR. However, clinical trials ongoing using SA IVR another EE as gel. Other new methods contraception biodegradable implant, longer acting injectables last 6-12 months, transdermal patches imbedded array microneedles where either agent reservoir or needles themselves. Microchip technology developed Gates Foundation would allow released systemically at will over 16-year period remote device. Multipurpose technologies utilizing pills, IVRs well medications prevent STI/HIV acquisition.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Human Reproduction
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1460-2350', '0268-1161']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead093.051